Diagnostic criteria for Amadosha

Ama is the outcome of improper digestion. The product which brings discomfort in Srotas is Ama. Agni is having great role in the formation of Ama. Ama formation takes place in Jataragni, Bhutagni and Dhatuagni level, mainly due to hypo functioning state of digestive fire.[1] Ama can be identified in body through urine examination, stool examination, blood investigation and biochemical test. Based on this, the concept of inflammatory condition, autoimmune diseases and other non communicable diseases can be identified and treated in Ayurveda. Thus for the treatment of Ayurveda understanding the concept of Ama is important

Management of Shakhasrita Kamala as Pre-Hepatic Jaundice

Kamala is a Pittajananatmaja and Raktapradoshaja Vyadhi, where the skin, eye and mucous membrane take yellowish discoloration. It can be correlated with jaundice according to its resemblance in signs and symptoms. Shakhasrita Kamala is considered as Rudhapada Kamala or Vatakapha Pradhana. The line of management adopted in this condition is Kaphahara Chikitsa and Shamanaushadi thus removing the Margavarana. This can be correlated to prehepatic jaundice, which arises from the blood before enters the liver. This can be understood by assessing the blood investigation and other imaging studies. The line of treatment can be decided by analyzing the investigation and clinical findings

Role of Satvavajaya Chikitsa in Grahani Roga with special reference to Irritable Bowel Syndrome

According to Charaka Samhita, the Chikitsa is divided into three. Daivavyapashraya, Yuktivyapashraya and Satvavajaya. Here Satvavajaya represents uplifting the Satva Guna of Manas, which helps to overcome the psychological illness a person is going through. Even though Grahani Roga is not a Manasika Vyadhi the results are proving that Satvavajaya Chikitsa is needed in Sharirika Vyadis too. Grahani Roga can be correlated to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) where the psychological state of an individual plays a major role in prognosis of treatment. By approaching pharmacological treatment alone the individual may not recover fully and chances of reoccurrence is very high. Since Ayurveda treats the Rogi as a whole entity the mental state of a person is taken into consider before treatment. Population based studies estimate the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome is 10-20% per year. Considering the increasing rate gastrointestinal disease across the world treatment approach through Ayurveda is need of the time

Influence of elevation and rainfall on leaf growth, bean characteristics and yield components of arabica and robusta coffee under changing climatic conditions in Karnataka state, India

The study was undertaken to analyze the behaviour of coffee under changing climatic conditions in different coffee liaison zones of Karnataka State, India, during 2017-2020. Sample estates were identified based on elevation and rainfall patterns in different zones of the Chikkamagaluru and Hassan districts. The leaf growth parameters, bean characteristics and yield components were recorded in all the sample estates. Correlation studies indicated a significant positive relationship between the elevation, rainfall with specific leaf area (r = +0.912) and productivity (r = 0.475) during the pre-monsoon period. The monthly summer rainfall during March and April showed a significant correlation with yield in robusta (r = 0.511) and arabica (r = 0.451), indicating that blossom shower during this period significantly influenced the productivity of coffee. The studies between elevation, the quantum of rainfall and bean defect parameters indicated a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation. A positive relationship was also found between elevation and peaberry production in both robusta (r = 0.716) and arabica coffee (r= 0.456), respectively. However, there was also a significant relationship between rainfall (2020) and Jollu percentage (r = 0.386) in robusta coffee, indicating that higher elevation and rainfall-induced more peaberry content and Jollu percentage under changing climatic conditions. The overall result indicated that changes in climatic conditions such as excess rainfall and continuous soil moisture led to more vegetative growth than reproductive growth. This also produced more bean abnormalities which in turn affected the yield and quality of the coffee

Cardiac myxoma - 2 years experience at a tertiary care center

Background: Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary neoplasms of the heart. The current study aims to ascertain the clinical relevance of histomorphological classification and to postulate the possible cell of origin of cardiac myxomas.Methods: A total of 7 cases were analysed and reviewed with the assessment of the clinical presentations and gross and microscopic pathology along with immunohistochemical findings. All these patients were followed up to look for recurrence.Results: Of the total cases there were 5 women and 2 men. The mean age at presentation was 49 years. The most common presenting complaint was dyspnoea. On microscopy all the cases had a myxoid stroma with cells arranged in a predominantly single stellate cell pattern subtype. The tumor cells in all the cases were diffusely and strongly positive for vimentin with variable expression of S 100, CD 34, CD 68 and desmin.Conclusions: The identification of histological variability of cardiac myxoma has no significant clinical impact. Our study confirms the postulation that myxomas develop from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells

An Ayurvedic approach to Koshtashakashrita Kamala w.s.r. to Alcoholic Hepatitis - A Case Study

Kamala explained in Ayurvedic texts is a disease therefore it cannot be correlate to jaundice as it is only sign which means yellowishness. But it can be correlated to hepatitis of either cause viral or nonviral. Yakrit Vikara is developed due to excessive consumption of Madya continuously for a prolonged period and is chronic in nature. Excessive alcohol consumption could result in alcoholic, fatty liver disease or steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis (AH), and eventually cirrhosis. Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe syndrome of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), characterized by rapid onset of jaundice, malaise, tender hepatomegaly, and with subtle features of systemic inflammatory response. Ayurveda is traditionally skilful in treating liver diseases since centuries. The description of Hepatocellular jaundice is similar to Ayurvedic description of Kamala Vyadhi. Here a case report of a 46 years male who is chronic alcoholic having Bahupitta Kamala who was treated with herbo mineral medicines and which gave effective result by Pitta Sramasana (lowering Pitta) in the same case

Hybrid Power Divider and Combiner for Passive RFID Tag Wireless Energy Harvesting

This paper presents three- and five-ports radio frequency (R.F) hybrid power divider combiner (HPDC) designs with multiband characteristics operating at 2.4 GHz (ISM, IEEE 802.11b,g); 5.8 GHz (IEEE 802.11n, a and 802.11ac); and 6 GHz (IEEE 802.11ax) wireless standards for energy-efficient 5G-enabled passive Internet of Things (IoTs) sensors; energy harvesting (E.H); passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna beamforming; and data communication applications spanning D.C to the 6-GHz frequency range. The presented HPDC designs operate at a centre-design frequency of 3 GHz on a Rogers RO4350 substrate. The designed novel HPDC demonstrates a good match between the ports, high isolation between the output ports, and equal power distribution between the output ports. Furthermore, the obtained return and isolation losses are less than -10 dB for the Wi-Fi 6E standards. The reported findings hold an excellent promise for R.F energy harvesting and utilisation, adaptive intelligent energy-efficient data communication, and seamless, ubiquitous satellite-cellular convergence connectivity applications

Design of a Multiband RF Slotted-Antenna for Biosensing Applications

There is an expanding demand for adaptive contactless label-free biosensors for point-of-care, multi-user, health risk-free applications. This paper introduces the design of an elliptically-slotted patch antenna (ESPA) for bio-sensing applications. The resonance frequency difference of the ESPA is 2.5% compared with the basic slot-less patch antenna of 6.6%. Hence, the proposed model compares with the conventional slot-less patch antenna and exhibited a vast improvement in its bandwidth efficiency by over 62%. The simulated ESPA design yields a total gain of 7.5 dBi and can be utilized for simultaneous bio-sample detection and signal transmission applications. The miniaturized size of this system promises a portable label-free, reliable, realtime detection with a cost-effective fabrication

An Attempt to Decode Female Sexuality in the Heritage of Kamashastra Through Ayurveda - A Mystery

Ayurveda being a most ancient system of medicine has given a proper deserving position to women that is Stree, defining her as Apathyanam Moolam (the root cause of progeny). In Synch with this Kamashastra has portrayed women with esteem. Thus, stating the importance of female’s reproductive role in procreating and sustenance of human rays. Female sexual identity and conduct, as well as the physiological, psychological, social, cultural, political, and spiritual or religious components of sexual activity, all fall under the umbrella of human female sexuality, which covers a wide range of behavior activities. This sexuality is encountered and revealed through thoughts, desire, belief, fantasy, and relationship. The pursuit of sexual pleasure is a key motivating factor in sexual activity. Classical texts of Kamashastra have captured this sexual pleasure and portrayed them with impeccable accuracy in both genders providing an ample sexual motivation for sexual activity. This sexual activity is considered to attain fruition when the partner reaches the epitome of orgasm, among these partners we have given more importance to the female as she is a being of multiple sexual orgasms. Hence the main aim of this article is to understand and analyze the female sexual orgasm, and different approaches to attain it. Thus, an attempt is made to decode the mystery of female sexuality in the heritage of Kamasutra through Ayurveda